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The Role of Watershed Management in USAID Resilience Food Security Activities
Watershed management interventions contribute to the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)’s early recovery, risk reduction, and resilience (ER4) framework. The majority of these interventions are implemented through Resilience Food Security Activities (RFSAs), formerly known as Development Food Security Activities, or DFSAs, although some also appear in other types of activities, such as multi-year emergency programs. By incorporating watershed management into these activities, BHA helps to address the root causes and drivers of food insecurity in ways that strengthen the capacity of both formal and informal institutions, reduce risks, and provide engines of growth, opportunity, and change.
The Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) Activity was tasked with conducting a literature review of available documents to summarize BHA’s watershed interventions in four countries: Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Niger, and Nepal. This brief is intended to summarize the current state of watershed management activities within RFSAs and associated activities and to serve as a foundation to identify topics for future learning about how to best implement watershed management within RFSAs and other multi-year activities.
INRM reviewed the available documents for BHA activities in Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Niger, and Nepal in the period from 2020-2023. USAID provided documents for each country and INRM also searched the internet and the Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC) using keywords, such as “watershed,” country name, and activity name to source relevant documents. INRM reviewed each document and summarized findings for each country, below. See Appendix 2 for a full list of documents reviewed for each country.
This report is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather, to provide a snapshot in time, giving BHA staff a quick overview of the kinds of interventions and approaches being employed in these four countries. Each of these countries has unique driving factors for addressing watershed management, and the specifc interventions are tailored to their geographic contexts, aligned with national and local policies and priorities, and coordinated with other organizations working towards the same objectives.
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