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Since the Zika virus was first recognized in Africa in 1947, it has been detected globally in 92 countries and territories. With its first case in 2016, India has been an unfortunate leader in Zika cases.
Last year, a total of 151 Zika virus disease (ZVD) cases were reported from three states in India: Gujarat, Karnataka, and Maharashtra states.
Maharashtra reported a cumulative total of 140 ZVD cases in 2024, the highest since 2021.
Located in India’s western region, Mumbai is Maharashtra’s capital, with about 13 million residents.
As of January 29, 2025, the World Health Organization News reported that, based on current ZVD information, no travel or trade restriction with India is recommended.
However, the U.S. CDC issued a Level 2 – Practice Enhanced Precautions regarding Maharashtra’s Zika outbreak in August 2024.
Last year, in the United States, the CDC reported 19 non-congenital Zika cases in U.S. residents (1 imported case in Texas).
The CDC says Zika is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes found throughout Puerto Rico.
Additionally, Zika is also transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, as well as through sexual contact, transfusion of blood and blood products, and possibly through organ transplantation.
A recent study concluded young children diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome had a 13-fold higher risk of morbidity compared with those without.
There is no specific treatment available for Zika virus infection or disease.
Furthermore, Zika vaccines have not yet been approved.
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