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As geopolitical rivalries intensify, trade wars escalate, and faith in a rules-based global order wavers, ASEAN has chosen to hold firm to multilateralism. This is not merely a diplomatic stance, but a strategic posture reflecting the region’s realities and future needs.
This commitment was reaffirmed in the Joint Communiqué issued after ASEAN’s 58th Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Kuala Lumpur on July 9, 2025. The statement reiterated ASEAN’s dedication to open trade, regional centrality, and mutually beneficial international cooperation.
Among the key points underscoring ASEAN’s multilateralist resolve:
- Preserving an open, rules-based regional architecture, upholding international law and the UN Charter;
- Strengthening synergy with external partners through ASEAN-led mechanisms such as ASEAN Plus One, ASEAN Plus Three, the East Asia Summit, and the ASEAN Regional Forum;
- Enhancing ASEAN’s institutional capacity to respond to cross-sectoral challenges, from security to the digital economy;
- Coordinating responses to great power competition and economic bloc rivalries that risk undermining ASEAN’s autonomy and centrality.
For ASEAN, multilateralism is not just rhetoric — it is an essential instrument for progress and sustainability. Since its founding in 1967, ASEAN has served as a stabilizing anchor in a turbulent global landscape.
Yet to remain relevant, ASEAN’s multilateralism must be supported by serious internal reforms — both at the national level in each member state and collectively as a regional bloc. Without strengthening its internal foundations, any strategies ASEAN pursues will increasingly lose their effectiveness in a rapidly changing global environment.
The world economy faces mounting headwinds: slowing growth, more selective foreign investment, and new challenges such as supply chain disruptions, digital transformation, and the energy transition. Meanwhile, responses from many advanced economies, particularly under US influence, have become transactional, opportunistic, and inconsistent. In this climate, systemic and visionary thinking is not optional — it is essential.
Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, right, stands with Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto after a joint press conference at Merdeka Palace in Jakarta, Friday, June 27, 2025. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim)
For Indonesia and other ASEAN countries, now is the time to shed the mindset that economic strength always comes from outside. Long-term competitiveness must be built from within — through sound domestic policies, efficient regional connectivity, credible public institutions, and strong regional collaboration.
To ensure ASEAN not only survives but leads in a rewritten era of globalization, five concrete strategies are necessary:
- Deepening ASEAN’s Internal Integration: Boosting intra-ASEAN trade, standardization, logistical connectivity, and regional supply chains. Currently, intra-ASEAN trade accounts for just 22 percent of total trade among members — far below the European Union’s 60 percent.
- Enhancing Domestic Productivity through Structural Reform: Simplifying regulations, investing in manufacturing and technology sectors, and improving the business climate for SMEs and local industries.
- Driving Digital and Green Transformation: Making digitalization and energy transition shared regional priorities so ASEAN becomes not just a technology consumer but also a provider of digital and sustainable solutions.
- Repositioning ASEAN’s Investment Promotion Strategy: Highlighting ASEAN’s collective strengths as a large, stable, long-term-oriented integrated market to global investors.
- Strengthening Strategic Dialogue Platforms: Ensuring that regional decision-making is based on data, research, and cross-sector input — making ASEAN’s decisions globally impactful rather than merely symbolic.
ASEAN recorded 4.8 percent economic growth in 2024 and is projected to grow 4.7 percent this year. But these figures could climb higher if ASEAN fully commits to becoming a resilient, innovative, and integrated economic bloc. Initiatives such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA), and various regional connectivity platforms must move beyond paper commitments into tangible implementation.
President Prabowo Subianto attends the 46th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur on May 26, 2025. (Photo Courtesy of Foreign Affairs Ministry)
Indonesia, as one of ASEAN’s key players, has a crucial role to push this agenda forward. It is time to say: enough with external dependency. The foundation of strength must be built from within our own region.
Multilateralism today is not about idealism; it is about resilience. ASEAN can either remain a spectator in an increasingly cutthroat global contest, or step up as a leading player through collaboration.
Governments and businesses alike must realign their strategies — not merely reacting to global pressures but proactively building sustainable internal capacity. In an increasingly unpredictable world, ASEAN can stand as proof that regional cooperation and integration remain not only relevant but urgently needed.
Indonesia, as ASEAN’s economic and political anchor, must lead the way — ensuring ASEAN becomes not just an economic community but a future-ready, resilient, and competitive force.
ASEAN must be bold: safeguard its centrality, accelerate digital and green integration, strengthen SMEs and labor, resist the gravitational pull of great power blocs, and remain a steadfast voice for multilateralism in an increasingly stubborn world.
Multilateralism is being tested. That is precisely why it matters now more than ever. ASEAN can still show the world that cooperation, not confrontation, is the way forward.
ASEAN secretary-general Kao Kim Hourn holds a media briefing at the bloc\’s secretariat in Jakarta on July 30, 2024. (Photo Courtesy of ASEAN Secretariat)
By managing challenges wisely and seizing opportunities, ASEAN can continue as a global model of multilateralism and economic integration in uncertain times — not just for Asia, but for the world.
Now is the moment to think beyond sectoral silos and short-term projects. What ASEAN needs is leadership that sees the big picture, reinterprets regional realities, and dares to make decisions that may not always be popular, but are strategically essential.
ASEAN must stop reacting to global shifts and start shaping them. In a world searching for new centers of gravity, ASEAN just might be the answer.
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Iman Pambagyo is the Trade Ministry’s Director General of International Trade Negotiations (2012-2014, 2016-2020) and Indonesia’s Ambassador to the WTO (2014-2015).
The views expressed in this article are those of the author.
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