Key Highlights from 2025 SCO Heads of States Summit (Tianjin)

• Establishment
  • Founded on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai as the successor to the Shanghai Five.
  • Now a 10-member intergovernmental trans-regional organization.
• Membership & Partners
  • Members (10): Pakistan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Belarus
  • Observers (2): Afghanistan, Mongolia
  • Dialogue Partners (14): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cambodia, Egypt, Kuwait, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, UAE
• Expansion
  • Continuous expansion with new Observers and Dialogue Partners shows SCO’s growing relevance in the Eurasian heartland.
• Pakistan’s Role
  • Became a full member in 2017 (Astana Summit, Kazakhstan).
  • Attaches great importance to SCO for regional peace, security, and economic development.
  • SCO aligns with Pakistan’s geo-economic foreign policy vision of shared progress and prosperity.
  • Actively participates in:
    • Socio-economic cooperation and development programs.
    • Security agenda through SCO-Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure (RATS).
  • Believes in collective regional solutions to socio-economic and security challenges.
• Pakistan’s Advantages
  • Geographic location: ideal trade route linking China, Central Asia, Russia with South Asia, Middle East, Africa.
  • CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor): flagship BRI initiative to maximize geographic advantages for regional benefit.
• SCO’s Significance
  • World’s largest regional multilateral organization.
  • Population: 3.4 billion (42% of global population).
  • Landmass: 36 million sq. km (25% of global land).
  • GDP: $24.67 trillion (24% of global GDP).
  • Offers an effective platform for regional cooperation, integration, and development.
  • Brings together vast natural resources (oil, gas, minerals, metals, food grains) and advanced human capital.

Leaders of SCO Members, Observers & Dialogue Partners

• Armenia – PM Nikol Pashinyan
• Belarus – President Alexander Lukashenko
• China – President Xi Jinping (host)
• Egypt – PM Mostafa Madbouly
• Myanmar – Acting President Min Aung Hlaing
• Vietnam – President Lương Cường
• Laos – President Thongloun Sisoulith
• India – PM Narendra Modi
• Iran – President Masoud Pezeshkian
• Kazakhstan – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Kyrgyzstan – President Sadyr Japarov
• Nepal – PM KP Sharma Oli
• Pakistan – PM Shehbaz Sharif
• Russia – President Vladimir Putin
• Turkey – President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
• Tajikistan – President Emomali Rahmon
• Turkmenistan – President Serdar Berdimuhamedov
• Uzbekistan – President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
• Malaysia – PM Anwar Ibrahim

SCO 2025 Series of Events

• July 11 – SCO Digital Economy Forum (Tianjin), 1,500+ participants from governments, enterprises, universities, think tanks.
• July 15 – Council of Foreign Ministers (Tianjin), chaired by FM Wang Yi. Prepared for Tianjin Summit; reviewed & signed draft “Tianjin Declaration” and “SCO Development Strategy for Next Ten Years”.
• July 16 – 2nd SCO National Television Festival (Xi’an), 300+ delegates from 19 countries.
• July 17 – SCO Business Forum (Beijing), released “SCO Supply Chain Development Research Report”. ~400 representatives attended.
• July 23 – SCO National Dialogue on Civilization (Tianjin), 300+ guests from governments, think tanks, cultural/educational sectors.
• July 25 – SCO Media & Think Tank Summit (Zhengzhou), 400+ guests, 200 institutions represented.
• July 30 – 10th SCO Council of Ministers of Agriculture (Kunming). Focus: rural development, poverty reduction, tech exchange. Adopted “Joint Statement”.
• August 28 – Press center for 2025 SCO Summit opened at Tianjin Meijiang Convention & Exhibition Center.

Key Highlights from 2025 SCO Summit (Tianjin)

• Xi Jinping (China):
  • Called for leveraging SCO’s “mega-scale market”.
  • Advocated multipolarisation, inclusive globalization, equitable governance system.
  • Urged cooperation in energy, infrastructure, science & tech, AI.
  • Announced 2 billion yuan ($280m) free aid + 10 billion yuan loans to SCO banking consortium.
• Vladimir Putin (Russia):
  • Praised SCO for reviving genuine multilateralism.
  • Highlighted growing use of national currencies in trade settlements.
  • Called SCO a foundation for a new Eurasian stability & security system (balanced, inclusive, non-Eurocentric).
• Narendra Modi (India) & Xi Jinping:
  • Bilateral talks on strengthening trade cooperation.
  • Emphasized partnership over rivalry despite tariff war pressures.
• Antonio Guterres (UN Secretary-General):
  • Praised China’s fundamental role in supporting multilateralism.
• Geopolitical Context:
  • SCO presented as an alternative to Western-led security and economic models.
  • Emphasis on opposing Cold War mentality & bloc confrontation.
  • Strengthened Global South solidarity with wide participation from Asia, Middle East, Central Asia.

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