Original Coverage & Source Attribution: manaramagazine.org
[i] Choukeir, J. et al. (2026). “One dead in new attack on Saudi airport, a day after Houthi strike kills 13”, Reuters, 11 October 2026, retrieved from: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-renew-warning-over-saudi-airports-after-deadly-riyadh-attack-2026-10-11/.
[ii] Hafezi, P., Ghobari, M. and Azhari, T. (2026). “Iranian arms and advice helped Yemen’s Houthis seize key Red Sea city, sources say”, Reuters, 10 September 2026, retrieved retrieved from: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iranian-arms-advice-helped-yemens-houthis-seize-key-red-sea-city-sources-say-2026-09-10/.
[iii] International Crisis Group (2014). “The Houthis: From Saada to Sanaa”, 10 June 2014, retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep32000.
[iv] Brandt, M. (2017). “Sects and Politics” in Tribes and Politics in Yemen: A History of the Houthi Conflict, 15 November 2017, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[v] Orkaby, A. (2015). “Saudi Arabia’s War with the Houthis: Old Borders, New Lines”, WINEP, 9 April 2015, retrieved from: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/saudi-arabias-war-houthis-old-borders-new-lines.
[vi] Leber, A. (2020). “Saudi Arabia: How Yemen War Weighs on South’s Economy”, Italian Institute for International Political Studies, 9 September 2020, retrieved from: https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/saudi-arabia-how-yemen-war-weighs-souths-economy-27325.
[vii] Roelants, C. (2016). “Poverty in the Land of Black Gold”, New Internationalist, 1 March 2016, retrieved from: https://newint.org/features/2016/03/01/poverty-in-the-land-of-black-gold.
[viii] Orkaby, A. (2026). “How Saudi Arabia Created the Yemen It Fears”, The National Interest, 19 October 2026, retrieved from: https://nationalinterest.org/blog/middle-east-watch/how-saudi-arabia-created-the-yemen-it-fears.
[ix] Johnsen, G.D. (2021). “Foreign Actors in Yemen: The History, the Politics and the Future”, Sana’a Center, 31 January 2021, retrieved from: https://sanaacenter.org/publications/policy-research/13042.
[x] Ibid.
[xi] Wearing, D. (2018). “Britain’s War in Yemen”, New Socialist, 19 October 2018, retrieved from: https://newsocialist.org.uk/britains-war-in-yemen/.
[xii] Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council (1990). “Items relating to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait”, retrieved from: https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/sites/default/files/en/sc/repertoire/89-92/Chapter%208/MIDDLE%20EAST/item%2022_Iraq-Kuwait_.pdf.
[xiii] Sana’a Center (2019). “Saudi Arabia’s ‘Deportation Storm’”, 9 April 2019, retrieved from: https://sanaacenter.org/publications/editorials/7303.
[xiv] Al-Muslimi, F. (2015). “The Southern Question: Yemen’s War Inside the War”, Carnegie Endowment, 8 July 2015, retrieved from: https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2015/07/the-southern-question-yemens-war-inside-the-war.
[xv] Brandt (2017). Tribes and Politics in Yemen.
[xvi] Nagi, A. (2022). “The Pitfalls of Saudi Arabia’s Security-Centric Strategy in Yemen”, Carnegie Endowment, 12 October 2022, retrieved from: https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/research/2022/10/the-pitfalls-of-saudi-arabias-security-centric-strategy-in-yemen.
[xvii] Al-Madhaji, M. (2016). “How Yemen’s post-2011 transitional phase ended in war”, Sana’a Center, 19 May 2016, retrieved from: https://sanaacenter.org/publications/policy-research/39.
[xviii] Schmitz, C. (2014). “Yemen’s National Dialogue”, Middle East Institute, 10 March 2014, retrieved from: https://mei.edu/publication/yemens-national-dialogue/.
[xix] BBC News (2014). “How Yemen’s capital Sanaa was seized by Houthi rebels”, 27 September 2014, retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-29380668.
[xx] Middle East Eye (2015). “Who has joined the Saudi-led anti-Houthi coalition and why?”, 31 March 2015, retrieved from: https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/who-has-joined-saudi-led-anti-houthi-coalition-and-why.
[xxi] Alasrar, F.A. (2025). “The legitimacy trap: How international institutions sustain the Houthis’ hold on Yemen”, Middle East Institute, 3 November 2025, retrieved from: https://mei.edu/publication/legitimacy-trap-how-international-institutions-sustain-houthis-hold-yemen/.
[xxii] Schmitz (2014). “Yemen’s National Dialogue”.
[xxiii] BBC News (2018). “Yemen war: Why the battle for Hudaydah matters”, 13 June 2018, retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-44471977.
[xxiv] United Nations (2018). “Full text of the Stockholm Agreement”, 13 December 2018, retrieved from: https://osesgy.unmissions.org/en/node/15464.
[xxv] “The Marib front in Yemen’s Civil War””, Strategic Comments, 27(8), 2021, retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13567888.2021.2003083.
[xxvi] Schifrin, N. and Rogin, A. (2021). “In foreign policy shift, Biden lifts terrorist designation for Houthis in Yemen”, PBS News, 16 February 2021, retrieved from: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/in-foreign-policy-shift-biden-lifts-terrorist-designation-for-houthis-in-yemen.
[xxvii] UK Parliament (2023). “Yemen in 2023: Conflict and status of peace talks”, 27 November 2023, retrieved from: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9327/.
[xxviii] BBC News (2015). “Egypt launches Suez Canal expansion”, 6 August 2015, retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-33800076.
[xxix] Phillips, S.G. (2024). “’America is the mother of terrorism’: why the Houthis’ new slogan is important for understanding the Middle East”, The Conversation, 11 February 2024, retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/america-is-the-mother-of-terrorism-why-the-houthis-new-slogan-is-important-for-understanding-the-middle-east-222865.
